| Indicator
|
Explanation
|
| Regular Institutions of Higher Learning
| refer to educational establishments set
up according to the government evaluation and approval
procedures, enrolling graduates from senior secondary
schools and providing higher education courses and training
for senior professionals. They include full-time universities,
colleges, high professional schools and short-term professional
universities.
|
| Institutions of Higher Learning for Adults
| refer to educational establishments, set
up in line with relevant rules approved by the government,
enrolling staff and workers with senior secondary school
or equivalent education ,and providing higher education
courses in many forms of full time, part time, spare
time, or correspondence for adults. Professionals thus
trained receive a qualification equivalent to graduates
studying regular courses at regular universities, colleges
and professional colleges. Institutions of higher learning
for adults include Radio and TV universities, schools
of high education for staff and workers and peasants,
colleges for management cadres, pedagogical colleges,
independent correspondence colleges.
|
| Enrollment Rate of Primary School Age Children
| refers to the proportion of school age
children enrolled at schools to the total number of
school age children both in and outside schools (including
retarded children ,but excluding blind, deaf and mute
children).
The formula is:
Enrollment Rate of Primary School-age Children = (Total
Primary School-age Children at Schools) (Total Primary
School age Children Both at and Outside Schools) 100%
|
| Independent Research and Development Institutions
| refer to the state owned institutions
which have direct mission and research purpose, a certain
number of core member with higher research level and
a certain number of research personnel, necessary conditions
for R & D activities and engaging in scientific
research and technological development. The institutions
also have their own independent organization and finance,
authority to sign contracts with other units, with their
own accounts in banks. Independent research and development
institutions include the institutions attached to central
government agencies, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences and the institutions attached
to local governments.
|
| Personnel of Independent Research and Development
Institutions
| refers to the persons working in and receiving
payment from research and development institutions.
It includes regular full-time and temporary staff and
workers and employees working on contracts, but excludes
retirees and persons leaving their work without payment
but still retaining their posts, who are not on the
employee list.
|
| Total Expenditure on Research and Development
| refers to all actual expenditure made
for R&D (basic research, applied research and experimental
development)in reference period. It includes direct
expenditure on R&D and indirect expenditure on R&D(including
management and necessary administrative expenses of
research institutes, investment in capital construction
relating to R&D).
|
| Scientists and Engineers
| refer to persons who have completed university
or higher education or obtained titles of senior and
middle level professional positions.
|
| Other Technical Personnel
| refers to persons involved in science
and technology with secondary specialized education
or three-year college education and persons with junior
professional titles.
|
| Natural Scientific and Technical Personnel
| refers to those professionals holding
scientific and technical titles or taking such positions,
or being graduated from departments of science, engineering,
agriculture and medicine, and/or having been promoted
in practice in different sectors of the national economy
and working on research, teaching and production technique
in the scientific and technological fields such as science,
engineering, agriculture and medicine, etc. and the
professionals doing administrative work related to science
and technology in government agencies, enterprises and
institutions.
|
| Engineering Professionals
| refer to the persons who are engaged in
engineering science and technology in different sectors
of the national economy, including senior engineers,
engineers, assistant engineers, technicians and technical
personnel without professional titles.
|
| Agricultural Professionals
| refer to the persons who are working on
the science of agriculture in different sectors of the
national economy, including senior agronomists, agronomists,
assistant agronomists, technicians and technical personnel
without professional titles.
|
| Public Health Professionals
| refer to the persons who are engaged in
medical and health work in different sectors of the
national economy, including director doctors and their
deputies, doctors in charge, doctors, paramedics, nurses
and technical personnel without professional titles.
|
| Scientific Research Personnel
| refers to those personnel engaged in scientific
and technical activities in different sectors of the
national economy, including research fellows and their
deputies, assistant research fellows, research trainees,
technicians and technical personnel without professional
titles.
Professionals engaged in the teaching of natural science
and technology in different sectors of the national
economy, including professors, associate professors,
lecturers, teaching assistants, teachers and teaching
personnel in science and technology in middle schools.
|
| Inventions
| refer to the inventions as specified by
the patent law and its detailed rules and regulations
for implementation. They refer to the new technical
proposals to the products or methods or their modifications.
|
| Utility Models
| refer to the utility models as specified
by the patent law and its detailed rules and regulations
for implementation. They refer to the practical and
new technical proposals on the shape and structure of
the product or the combination of both.
|
| Designs
| refer to the designs as specified by the
patent law and its detailed rules and regulation for
implementation. They refer to the aesthetics and industry
applicable new designs for the shape, pattern and color
of the product, or their combinations.
|
