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| Indicator
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Explanation
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| Industry
| refers to the material production sector
which is engaged in extraction of natural resources
and processing and reprocessing of minerals and agricultural
products, including
(1) extraction of natural resources, such as mining,
salt production, logging (but not including hunting
and fishing);
(2) processing and reprocessing of farm and sideline
produces, such as rice husking, flour milling, wine
making, oil pressing, cotton ginning, silk reeling,
spinning and weaving, and leather making; (3) manufacture
of industrial products, such as steel making, iron smelting,
chemicals manufacturing, petroleum processing, machine
building, timber processing; water and gas production
and electricity generation and supply;
(4)repairing of industrial products such as the repairing
of machinery and means of transport (including cars).
Prior to 1984, the rural industry run by villages and
cooperative organizations under village was classified
into agriculture. Since 1984, it has been grouped into
industry.
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| Units of Industrial Statistics and Inquiry:
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They are classified into two categories (1) corporate
industrial enterprises with independent accounting system
(2) industrial establishments.
(1) Corporate industrial enterprises with independent
accounting system refer to enterprises engaging in
industrial production activities, which meet the following
requirements: ¢ÙThey are established legally, having
their own names, organizations, location, able to
take civil liability; ¢ÚThey possess and use their
assets independently, assume liabilities, and are
entitled to sign contracts with other units; ¢ÛThey
are financially independent and compile their own
balance sheets.
(2)Industrial establishments refer to economic units
which located in one single place and engaged entirely
or primarily in one kind of industrial activity, including
financially independent industrial enterprises and
units engaged in industrial activities under the non
industrial enterprises (or financially dependent).
Industrial establishments generally meet the following
requirements: ¢Ù They have each one location and are
engaged in one kind of industrial activity each; ¢Ú
They operate and manage their industrial production
activities separately;¢Û They have accounts of income
and expenditures separately.
(1)State-owned Enterprises refers to industrial enterprises
where the means of production or income are owned
by the state. Joint state-private industries and private
industries, which existed before 1957, have been transformed
into state industries. Statistics on these enterprises
has been included in the state-owned industries since
1957 when separation of data was no longer necessary.
(2)Collective-owned Enterprises refers to industrial
enterprises where the means of production are owned
collectively, including urban and rural enterprises
invested by collectives and some enterprises which
were formerly owned privately but have been registered
in industrial and commercial administration agency
as collective units through raising fund from the
public.
(3) Share-holding Corporations Ltd. refer to economic
units registered in accordance with the regulation
of the People's Republic of China on the Management
of Registration of Corporate Enterprises, with total
registered capitals divided into equal shares and
raised throught issuing stocks. Each investor bears
limited liability to the corporation depending on
the holding of shares, and the forporation bears liability
to its debt to the maximum of its total assets.
(4) Enterprises with Funds form Hong Kong, Macao
and Taiwan refers to all industrial enterprises registered
as the joint-venture, cooperative, sole (exclsive)
investment industrial enterprises and limited liability
corporations with funds from Hong Kong, Macao and
Taiwan.
(5) Foreign Funded Enterprises refers to all industrial
enterprises registered as the joint-venture, cooperative,
sole (exclsive) investment industrial enterprises
and limited liability corporations with foreign funds.
(6)Industry of Other Types of Ownership in this yearbook
refers to industrial enterprises (units) of the ownership
other than the state-owned enterprises, collective
enterprises and individual enterprises. They include
private enterprises, joint-owned enterprises, share-holding
economy (companies limited by shares and companies
limited with liabilities.), foreign-funded enterprises
(Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative
enterprises and foreign ventures exclusively with
their own investment), enterprises funded by the entrepreneurs
from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan (joint ventures and
cooperative enterprises with the mainland as well
as ventures exclusively with their own investment)
and enterprises of other types of ownership.
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| Light Industry
| refers to the industry that produces consumer
goods and hand tools. It consists of two categories,
depending on the materials used:
(1)Industries using farm products as raw materials.
These are branches of light industry which directly
or indirectly use farm products as basic raw materials,
including the manufacture of food and beverages, tobacco
processing, textile, clothing, fur and leather manufacturing,
paper making, printing, etc.
(2)Industries using non farm products as raw materials.
These are branches of light industry which use manufactured
goods as raw materials, including the manufacture of
cultural, educational articles and sports goods, chemicals,
synthetic fiber, chemical products for daily use, glass
products for daily use, metal products for daily use,
hand tools, medical apparatus and instruments, and the
manufacture of cultural and clerical machinery.
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| Heavy Industry
| refers to the industry which produces
capital goods, and provides various sectors of the national
economy with necessary material and technical basis.
It consists of the following three branches according
to the purpose of production or the use of products:
(1)Mining, quarrying and logging industry refers to
the industry that extracts natural resources, including
extraction of petroleum, coal, metal and non-metal ores
and logging.
(2)Raw materials industry refers to the industry that
provides various sectors of the national economy with
raw materials, fuels and power. It includes smelting
and processing of metals, coking and coke chemistry,
chemical materials and building materials such as cement,
plywood, and power, petroleum refining and coal dressing.
(3)Manufacturing industry refers to the industry that
processes raw materials. It includes machine building
industry which equips sectors of the national economy,
industries of metal structure and cement products, industries
producing means of agricultural production, such as
chemical fertilizers and pesticides. According to the
above principle of classification, the repairing trades
which are engaged primarily in repairing products of
heavy industry are classified into heavy industry while
these engaged in repairing products of light industry
are classified into light industry.
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| Gross Industrial Output Value
| is the total volume of industrial products
sold or available for sale in value terms which reflects
the total achievements and overall scale of industrial
production during a given period. It includes the value
of the finished products, which are not to be further
processed in the enterprises and have been inspected,
packed and put in storage, the value of industrial services
rendered to other units, and the changes in the value
of the semi-finished products and products in process
between the beginning and closing of the period. The
gross industrial output value is calculated with "factory
method". No double calculations are to be made
within the same enterprise. However, double counting
does occur among different enterprises.
Output value of light and heavy industries is also classified
with the "factory" method. Under normal conditions,
if the major products of an industrial enterprise belong
to light industry products, the gross output value of
that enterprise is classified wholly into light industry;
the same principle applies to heavy industry.
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| Value-added of Industry
| refers to the final results of industrial
production of the industrial trade in money terms during
the reference period.
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| Capital Obtained
| refers to capital actually received by
the enterprise from investors. It can be further classified
by investors as state capital, collective capital, corporate
capital, individual capital, capital from Hong Kong,
Macau and Taiwan and foreign capital.
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| Total Assets
| refer to all economic resources, owned or controlled
by enterprises, that could be measured in monetary terms,
including properties, creditors equity and other economic
rights of all forms. Classified by the degree of equitability,
total assets include circulating assets, long term investment,
fixed assets, intangible assets and deferred assets,
and other assets.
(1)Circulating assets (working capital) refer to assets
which can be cashed in or spent or consumed in an operating
cycle of one year or over one year, including cash,
all kinds of deposits, short term investment, receivables,
advance payment, stock, etc.
(2)Fixed assets refer to the net value of fixed assets,
clearance of fixed assets, project under construction,
fixed assets losses in suspense. These are corporations¸
fund holdings.
(3)Intangible assets refer to the assets without material
form used by enterprises over a long time, such as patents,
non-patent technologies, trade marks, copyright, land
use right, business reputation, etc.
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| Total Liabilities
| refer to the debts, measured in monetary
terms, that enterprises are responsible for repayment
in the form of cash, assets or labour. Classified by
terms of repayment, liability include liquid liabilities
and long-term liabilities.
(1)Liquid liabilities (also called quick liabilities
or immediate liabilities) refer to enterprises' total
debt payable within an operating cycle of one year or
over one year, including short term loans, payable and
advance payments, wages payable, taxes payable and profit
payable, etc.
(2)Long term liabilities refers to total debt payable
within an operating cycle of one year or over one year,
including long-term loans, payable liabilities, long-term
payable, etc.
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| Owners' Equity
| refers to investors ownership of net assets
of the enterprise. It is equal to the total assets of
the enterprise minus its total liabilities, including
the primary input from investors, capital accumulation
fund, surplus accumulation fund and undistributed profit.
It is the shareholder's equity in share-holding companies.
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| Original Value of Fixed Assets
| refers to the original value of all fixed
assets owned by industrial enterprises, calculated at
the cost paid at the time of purchase, installation,
reconstruction, expansion, and technical innovation
and transformation of the said assets, which includes
expenses on purchase, package, transportation, and installation,
etc.
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| Net Value of Fixed Assets
| is obtained by deducting depreciation
over years from the original value of fixed assets.
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| Working Capital (Circulating Assets)
| refers to asysets which can be cashed in
or spent or consumed in an operating cycle of one year
or over one year, which includes cash, various deposits,
short term investment, and receivable payments, and
advance payments, stock, etc.
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| Sales Revenue of Industrial Products
| refers to tyhe revenue from the sales of
products by industrial enterprises and the revenue from
services provided and etc.
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| Sales Cost of Industrial yProducts
| refers to the actual cost of products
of industrial enterprises and industrial services provided,
etc..
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| Tax and Extra Charges on Sales of Products
| refer to the tax on city maintenance and
construction, consumption tax, resources tax and extra
charges for education, which should be borne by the
enterprises in selling products and providing industrial
services.
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| Sales Profit of Products
| refers to the profit gained by the enterprises
by deducting cost, charges and taxes from the business
income of the enterprises obtained in selling products
and providing industrial services.
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| Total Profits
| refer to the profits gained
by the enterprises.
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| Value-added Tax Payable
| refers to the amount of the value added
tax which should be paid by the enterprises in the reporting
period.
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| Ratio of Profits, Taxes and Interests to Average
Assets
| reflects the profit-making capability
of all assets of the enterprise and is a key indicator
manifesting the performance and management and evaluating
the profit-making potential of the enterprise.
It is calculated as follows:
Ratio of profits, taxes and interests to average assets
(%) = [(Total profits + total Taxes + interest payment)
/ average assets ]¡Á100%
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| Ratio of Debts to Assets
| reflect both the operation risk and the
capability of the enterprise in making use of the capital
from the creditors. It is calculated as follows:
Ratio of debts to assets (%) = (Total debts / total
assets)¡Á100%
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| Ratio of Profits to Total Industrial Costs
| refers to the ratio of profits realized
in a given period to the total costs in the same period,
which reflects the economic efficiency of input cost
and is calculated as follows:
Ratio of Profits to Total Industrial Cost(%)=(Total
Profits/ Total Costs)¡Á100%
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| Value-added Rate of Industry
| refers to the ratio of value added of
industry in a given period to the gross output value
in the same period, which reflects the economic efficiency
of cutting down the intermediate input and is calculated
as follows:
Value-added Rate of Industry(%)=[Value-added of Industry
(at current prices) ] / [Gross Output Value (at Current
Prices)]¡Á100%
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| Turnover of Working Capital
| refers to the number of times of turnover
of working capital in a given period of time, which
reflects the speed of the turnover of working capital
and is calculated as follows:
Turnover of Working Capital(%)=(Sales Revenue of Products)
/ (Average Balance of Total Working Capital)¡Á100%
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| Ratio of Sales to Gross Output Value
| refers to the sales of industrial products
to the gross industrial output value during the reference
period, and is important in reflecting the linkage between
production and sales and the extent of the needs of
the society that has been met by the supply of industrial
products. It is calculated as follows:
Ratio of Sales to Gross Output Value=[Industrial sales
/ Gross industrial output value (at current prices)]
¡Á100%
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| Overall Labour Productivity of Industrial Enterprises
| refers to the average output per employed
person in industrial enterprises in value terms. At
present, the value added and the average number of staff
and workers of an industrial enterprises in a given
period are used to calculate the overall labour productivity.
The formula used is:
Overall Labour Productivity=(Value Added of Industry)
/ (Average Number of Staff and Workers)
For the purpose of comparison of the overall labour
productivity among different years, the data on the
overall labour productivity of the years prior to 1990
have been adjusted on the basis of 1990 constant prices.
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